Book Review on Start-Up Nation

The authors of the book seek to identify the reasons that can be attributed to Israel’s economic success despite the nation’s small size both geographically and by population. Israel as a nation is faced by the some of the most formidable challenges in its pursuit of economic development. The country exists in a neighborhood of hostility, and many of its Arabic neighbors do not have any economic ties with the country. This economic isolation has meant that the country does not enjoy the economic benefits of regional integration. However, despite this challenge, the country has experienced tremendous economic growth and enjoys a vibrant economy characterized by many start up ventures. The authors have advanced several reasons for this economic success (Senor Singer 2009). The authors have identified the persistence that is ingrained in the Israeli culture as one of the reasons for the nation’s success. The culture of not giving up on any venture despite the challenges that are encountered has been identified by the authors as one of the reasons that Israel has been enjoying success in the global market. The persistence that is promoted by the Israeli culture is therefore perceived as a business asset which when used appropriately and effectively can lead to success in the global market (Senor Singer 2009). It is mandatory that every Israeli citizen undergoes military training and practice for a particular period of time. This practice enables individuals to develop responsibility, initiative, networking abilities and personal discipline (Senor Singer 2009). These are important attributes that are essential for success of any marketer, and this partly explains the country’s effectiveness in marketing itself and its products in the global arena. The country educational system has been cited by the authors as one of the reasons for the country’s economic success. This strong educational system, combined with the governments encouragement and funding for research and development has played a key role in ensuring that the country continues to develop new and innovative products which are competitive in the global market (Senor Singer 2009). Tolerance for failure is another of the reasons for Israel’s economic success. Emphasis is given of the creativeness and innovativeness of a business project rather than emphasizing on the end product of the process. This has led to the development of highly innovative and creative companies in the country which have actively contributed to the development of new products which are competitive in the global market. The authors have proposed that other nations adopt these strategies that have been used by Israel to increase their competitiveness in the international market. Countries are advised to develop the most appropriate education system to develop creativity and innovativeness, and promote venture businesses in their countries (Senor Singer 2009). Tolerance for business failure during start ups should not be looked down upon as this is the most critical stage in the development of any business. Some of the propositions to follow Israel’s example are not practical in other countries. Mandatory military service is practically not possible in countries which have very high populations and its beneficial effects on business may thus not be achieved. Different nations also have different educational systems that are tailored to meet the countries’ specific needs. Simply emulating Israel’s educational system will not make a country more competitive internationally. Implications for global marketing The Israeli success stories have considerable implications to global marketing. The discipline, responsibility and networking that nationals of the country learn from their mandatory military success are an important asset in the global market. It enables companies from the country to develop responsible and well informed strategies to develop innovative products that are highly competitive in the global market. It also enables easy formation of international marketing networks which are essential for successful international marketing (Travis 2007). The development of creative and innovative products that can compete effectively in the global market is important towards ensuring a country’s or a company’s continued success in the international market. The Israeli example given in the book clearly illustrates the important role that education, research and development plays towards the achievement of global marketing success. Research and development is critical in market identification, development of appropriate and competitive products, development of the most effective marketing strategy and the successful management of companies marketing internationally (Mohan 2005). The Israeli case discussed in the book further offers an insight on the importance of the appreciation of cultural diversity in global marketing success. The authors of the book have noted that the Israeli population is composed of immigrants from countries with different economic and cultural practices. This has enabled the companies in the country that market internationally to have an appreciation of the different cultures and social situations of the markets they operate in. this enables the development of the most appropriate marketing strategy for each foreign market. Ability to fit into the social and cultural settings of different markets is considered one of the major factors that companies should consider on entry to foreign markets, and Israel’s case appropriately makes a good example. Development of strong companies able to weather the highly competitive environment of international marketing is essential to ensure success in the global market. Responsibility and innovation that permeates in the Israeli companies as a result of virtues gained from mandatory military practice has resulted in the development of stable companies with sound management. This has enabled development of products that are able to compete in the global market. The sound management enjoyed by those companies at home contributes to their success in the international markets (Mohan 2005). Government support for companies which trade in the international market also plays a key role in ensuring the success of companies in the global market. As illustrated by the Israeli case in the book, government support to companies trading both domestically and internationally plays a key role in ensuring that the companies’ products are able to compete competitively in the global market. It is important that governments support the global marketing initiatives of firms within their borders, and the Israeli scenario presented in the book is a perfect example (Daniels, Radebaugh Sullivan 2007). Strategic alliances are important to the success of global marketing initiatives and strategies of any company. The networking culture developed by both individuals and companies from Israel contributes to the formation of global marketing strategic alliances with trading partners from different parts of the world. This works effectively towards ensuring the success of such companies global marketing activities and increased competitive edge over business rivals in the international markets (Mohan 2005). Government support, continued innovativeness of companies, sound management practices and formation of strategic alliances with companies in other markets are the methods employed by Israel that enable its excellent performance in the international market. These practices show a connection between the Israeli business practices and the accepted practices in international market which contribute to success in the global market. References Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L. Sullivan, D. (2007). International Business: Environment and operations. (11th ed.). New York, NY: Prentice Hall. Mohan, J. R. (2005). International Marketing. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Senor, D. Singer, P. (2009). Start-up Nation: The Story of Israels Economic Miracle. Washington, DC: Twelve. Travis, T. (2007). Doing Business Anywhere: The Essential Guide to Going Global. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.

Literature And Law The Military Draft - 1102 Words

Anthony Appiah Mr. Skardal Literature and Law The military draft would require compulsory military service instead of voluntary service. It started in 1940 when volunteering personnel were not enough for the USA army. Thus, men were compulsorily drafted to join the army. Now, the USA no longer compulsorily drafts men to join the army. However, countries such as Switzerland do still draft its men. Conscription in US, also known as the draft, starts after Congress passed a legislation, which has been signed by the president. The Selective Service System does the drafting. Eligible Men and Male aliens are required to sign up with the Selective Service before they turn 26. If an individual fails to do so, the person loses all his privileges†¦show more content†¦However, in other countries, one cannot legally be exempted from mandatory military service. Switzerland has two hundred and sixty armed men. It does not have a mandatory military service. The government spends 4.82 billion US dollars. South Korea has a mandatory military service. Any individual that decides to object to service would be imprisoned. Disabled persons and people with unstable mental status are accepted from rendering their services to the army. Some celebrities have tried to be exempted from service. And by so doing faced serious sanctions such as not being allowed into South Korea. At age 18, it is mandatory for a South Korean man to be in the South Korean army. This individual would serve 12 months for the army, 23 months for the navy, 24 months for the air force, 36 months for special social service. As compared to South Korea, the Switzerland army is more lenient and flexible in terms of drafting of its male citizens. Ron Paul, Ex U.S. Congressman once said, â€Å"Justifying conscription to promote the cause of liberty is one of the most bizarre notions ever conceived by man! Forced servitude, with the risk of death and serious injury as a price to live free, makes no sense† Essentially his assertion makes sense. As an individual, one is of his will and hence may not be forced to give his life to fight for a cause that he does not personally identify with. But if the practice of forcefully drafting people to fight is

Order and Justice in World Politics

Question: Discuss about the Order and Justice in World Politics. Answer: Introduction Order and justice in the world of politics have been a subject that elicits a great debate regarding on whether the two should be reconciled or not. In the past decades, there has been increasing change in literature, which has been published, that consider the present globe orders inequalities that are fashioned through broadening egalitarian, as well as inequalities shortage. Whilst spotlight has been on the ethical quest to restore politics to integrate the continuing globalization inclined on justice around the world; modest interest has been directed to this concern around the world. For the most of 20th century, international and state communities awarded precedence to a perspective of societal order, which concentrated on the minimum provisions for mutual existence in a pluralist and conflictual world. Moreover, justice has been viewed as a secondary and to an extent that it confronts this kind of order in the global community (Bryman, 2008). The state system is not the only order that operates the world, but there is the international system that operates governs the world. The world order entails a pattern of relationship that maintains and sustains the fundamental goals of the society that ensures that the world attains a specific order. It is believed that the world is governed by the international law that; however, the element of sovereignty persists in the world that makes it hard to reconcile justice and order. The world order is a system of structures that are sustained by different rules, as well as values regulation international political and economic collaboration and transactions. The world order is influenced by values and belief systems of dominant powers and the long and short-term security interests of dominant players (Jackson, R, 2000). Order and Justice in the World of Politics According to Hedley Bull in his book The Anarchical Society, which is seen as the basis for the aspect within the English School, between international justice, as well as the international order? Bull claims that the worldwide order is a model or outlook of global community, which maintains the fundamental objectives of the world. International justice founded on Bulls argument implies moral and ethical principles that confer rights along with responsibilities upon states and countries, like the right of autonomy, the right of non-interventionism, as well as the rights of all independent nations to be handled on fundamental of equality. Thus, the anarchical society is dedicated to investigating the way the order is carried on in present world politics via the endeavors of international society. Furthermore, the global community allows the circulation of the authority of people through the plurality of nations, permitting every state in addition to nation tom build up its lifestyle ( Bryman, 2008). The order is not merely a real or prospective state or affair in the world of politics; this is as well very commonly accepted as value. However, it is not only value in the line to which global conduct may be shaped, not essentially an overpowering one. In the current world order, it is regularly argued that while the Western states, in the pledge to present their policies, display themselves to be principally concerned with world order of the nations of the purported Third World are alarmed with the attainment of justice in the society. It is believed that an order does exist in the world of politics as mirrored in the present, as well as historical developments. The international system should have universal standards, interests, as well as common institutions within these systems that bring about social order in the world. Furthermore, the world order that is present in the present world is unstable and flawed. It has been seen that the present order in the world is anarchical because there are no hierarchical degree of sovereignty above every state, no state or states. The world order offer by international society is forever in antagonism with the aspects of a situation of conflict along with intercontinental solidarity variance. Nevertheless, this is important that an appropriate structure in the world order be established to offer better order in the world of politics. Therefore, the preservation of order in the world of politics is not only impacted by conditional realities, like a balance of power. The world order fundamentally relies on the existence of an intellect of universal goals and concerns in the elemental goal of social lifestyle, regulations that prescribe behavior along with institutions, which aid to make the rules functional. International law contributes to world order. International law has three fundamental functions of international law that include the identification of concepts of a society of sovereign states, the fundamental state laws amongst states and another player in international society, and to mobilize conformity to the laws of global society. These functions are, certainly, necessary to the world order of politics; however, international law, not by itself adequate to bring about international order (Wheeler, 2000). Additionally, the international order has been linked to diplomacy. Although the world of diplomacy facing the downturn recently, it is largely the influence of a broader decrease in the international order. The newly established institutions in the world of diplomacy, professional diplomacy will carry on serving international order via its primary role; communication, information, negotiations, minimization of friction and act as a symbolic role of the society of diverse states. Also, there are great authorities that result the global order in more than six ways. These ways include preservation of the general balance, prevention in addition to control crises, the universal practice of local preponderance, restriction of war, a great power concert, and sphere of influence, responsibility, and interest. Nonetheless, this is not what great powers do, or even what they must do. For example, during the Cold War, the United States, and Soviet Union to some degree undertake the six functio ns, and thereby help to maintain a kind of order, although the rest of the world sees this as an unfair order in the world of politics. Also, many authors have debated the degree of policies during the reign of Reagan, which led to the implosion of the Soviet Union, as well as the end of the Cold War that elicited the fact that justice being secured (Suganami, 2010b). Justice in many instances is related to justice in the world of politics. The international society founded on cosmopolitan justice might provide an alternative to the state-centered, power-founded international law in the modern society. Through cosmopolitan justice implied what is good for the entire world as a civitas maxima (cosmopolitan society) where all people belong and where their interests must be subordinated. Employing the economic concept, the efficiency of international law is ceteris paribus, it needs definite conditions, as well as the fulfillment of these conditions are most of the time as part of the control. In evaluating modern international law, some primary change has been realized comprising the subject, scope and the task of international law. The law has been seen as an effective tool for the political purpose of all types along with the support of order is only among the many functions. This concept that place individuals in the form of society is another as pect that distinct from the traditional realists, which strict to the responsibility of the state as the primary player in the world of politics (Suganami, 2010a). Moreover, pluralism has been the primary tactic of world politics, since the Peace of Westphalia treaty in 1648 that symbolized the end of the 30-year conflicts and the collapse of the solidarist Middle Ages. This opened up the international relations founded on the pluralist approach of sovereign states. The incidents that took place in Libya and Syria during the Arab Uprising demonstrate the nature of order and justice in the world of politics. The response by the international community in the case of Libya was validated via solidaristic claims for justice, while the reaction by the international community in the case of Syria was confirmed via pluralistic arguments for order. The incidents that happened in 2011 in Libya and Syria was designed to invoke a democratic reform, with the use of protests and revolts. In spite of similar objective of the protests and revolts in Libya and Syria attracted a diverse international response. Additionally, other than perceiving justice and order locked in a seasonal tension, solidarism examines to the prospect of overpowering the conflict between justice and order by designing practices, which acknowledge the mutual interdependence between the two arguments (BBC, 2012). Conclusion It is important to comprehend that justice and order may coexist in the present international community and the world society. There is a novel approach of reasoning regarding international relations as it is evident in the United Nations (UN) charter that support solidaristic approach. In the modern society, democracy comprises the ideological core of world order as seen during the World War II. Also, many states have not accepted the humanitarian programs that bring assistance to countries that are at war because they perceive the humanitarian interventions as ways of jeopardizing rules of sovereignty. Therefore, it is evident that the order an justice is challenging aspects that cannot be easily reconciled because of the diver views and structures in the world of politics. References BBC, 2012, Syria ceasefire: Security forces 'fire at protesters The BBC. Visited on August 4, 2016. Bryman, A, 2008, Social Research Methods -3rdedition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Buzan, B. (2001, The English School: An Underexpolited Resource in IR, Review of International Studies, 27(3), 471-88. Clark, I., 2007, International Legitimacy and World Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Clarke, B, 2012, The difference between Syria and Libya Examiner. Visited on August 4, 2012. Fierke, K.M., 2007, Critical Approaches to International Security, Cambridge, Polity Press. Jackson, R Georg S, 2010, Introduction to International Relations Theories and Approaches -4thedition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Chapter 5: 127-158. Jackson, R, 2000, The Global Covenant: Human Conduct in a World of States, Oxford :Oxford University Press. Stiglitz, J, 2007, Making Globalization work, New York, NW Norton and Company Inc. Suganami, H. 2007, Understanding Sovereignty through Kelsen/Schmitt, Review of International Studies, 33(3), 511-530. Suganami, H., 2010b, The English School of International Relations: Historical Development, The International Studies Encyclopedia, edited by Robert A. Denemark. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, Vol. III, 1434-53. Suganami, H.2010a, The English School, History and Theory, Ritsumeikan International Affairs, 9, 10-20. Wheeler, N. J., 2000, Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

The Scarlet Letter Notes By Ch Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Letter Notes By Ch Essay By: Kevin THE SCARLET LETTER The Custom House: Hawthorne says that he writes to the whole world hoping that someone will understand what he is talking about. He goes on to speak about Salem, where his relatives have lived and died since its existence. Over time Salem has become more of an instinct to his family, and has tried to escape, but always come back. His children were not born in Salem because he wanted to break free of the tradition. He compares people to plants in that if you do not transplant, future crops will be ruined. We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Letter Notes By Ch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He descries his forefathers as Puritans. They would not approve of his lifestyle as a writer because it is to unproductive. He then describes his return to Salem and his new job at the Custom House. His employees are elderly veterans that both amused and pained the author. After the men found out he meant no harm they relax and spend their time telling stories. Custom House Inspector- head leader of all custom houses, great physical condition despite of old age, but had no brains. His father put him into his position. He has no memories of experiences, only food. Collector- very old, strong spirit, his age has physically affected him, in war he was brutal, but now he wouldnt hurt a fly. Surveyor- more in contact with his thoughts than with the real world, motto: Ill try, sir!, described as a rusty sword Authors title: Surveyor of Revenue One rainy day he looks through old barrels of articles and finds a scarlet letter A and a document describing the life of Hester Prynne. He claims that these serve as documents of proof for his novel. (These were never found and were probably made up to give the novel a historical sense. ) He decides to write a book based on this. He does his writing under moonlight or firelight. As he writes he realizes he must leave the Custom House. Its way of producing a stable life is addicting. It doesnt allow you to support yourself. But then he is promoted to P.P. and decides to stay. Just as he begins to feel comfortable he was fired. Because of this he returned to writing. (Metaphor used: political guillotine.) He claims that although the story is somber, his mind-frame while writing remained cheerful. He says he holds no grudges and that the Custom House people do not interest and upset him anymore. He thinks that he will die and soon be forgotten in Salem. He also doesnt think that future generations will find much of an interest in Salem, beyond the towns water pump. Chapter 1: The Prison Door A crowd of men and women is gathered outside of Bostons prison door. Although Boston was originally designed as a Utopia, but the first few things to be built were the prison and the cemetery. He also says that the prison has been aged quickly. Outside of the prison is a small lot with wild plants growing in it. The most important is the rose bush. It offers comfort to prisoners being brought into jail and to people about to be executed. This rosebush has been kept alive in history and outlived the gigantic pines and oaks around it. Chapter 2: The Market Place The author starts the chapter with a crowd outside the prison gate. He explains that in this time even minor violations and punishments were treated exactly the same as executions. Women of this time were not only larger physically, but were more forceful verbally as well. This is the main reason they dislike Hester, who is better looking than they are. They feel that her punishment should be severe, from a branding on her forehead to death. Hester comes out of the prison and allows her three-month-old child to see natural light for the first time. .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd , .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd .postImageUrl , .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd , .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd:hover , .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd:visited , .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd:active { border:0!important; } .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd:active , .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc7ced8753164ffaa0e6bf6a71cccd4bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Liberty Valance Essay She then shifts her baby to her other arm to reveal a scarlet A on her. It is described as artistically done, gorgeous, and elaborate. Hester Prynne- young, tall, with a figure of perfect elegance on a large scale, dark hair that was so glossy that it threw off the